Abstract
Gamma-oryzanol (GO) is a popular supplement for performance horses, dogs, and humans. Previous studies indicated that GO supplementation decreases creatine kinase activity and lactate level after exercise and may affect oxidative stress in Thoroughbred horses. GO may change genes expression in equine satellite cells (ESC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of GO on miRNA, gene expression, oxidative stress, and cell damage and viability in differentiating ESC pretreated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). ESCs were obtained from a young horse’s skeletal muscle. ESCs were pre-incubated with GO (24 h) and then exposed to H2O2 for one hour. For the microRNA and gene expression assessment, the microarray technique was used. Identified miRNAs and genes were validated using real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Several tests related to cell viability, cell damage, and oxidative stress were performed. The microarray analysis revealed differences in 17 miRNAs and 202 genes between GO-treated and control ESC. The tests related to apoptosis, cell viability, and oxidative stress showed that GO affects these processes to varying degrees. Our results suggest that GO can change miRNA and gene expression and may impact the processes involved in tissue repairing after an injury.
Highlights
Gamma-oryzanol (GO), a component of rice bran, is a mixture of ferulic acid esters, which are formed by esterification of the hydroxyl group of sterols or triterpene alcohols with the carboxylic acid group of ferulic acid [1,2,3]
Identified miRNAs were divided into several groups according to previously described function: myomiRs and miRNA related to muscle tissue, cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, lipid and protein metabolism, tissue injury, muscle diseases, immunity response, and inflammation regeneration, and muscle hypertrophy
We demonstrated for the first time that GO-treated equine satellite cells exposed to H2 O2 demonstrate a modulated expression of 17 miRNAs and 202 genes, which could affect the abovementioned processes
Summary
Gamma-oryzanol (GO), a component of rice bran, is a mixture of ferulic acid esters, which are formed by esterification of the hydroxyl group of sterols (campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol) or triterpene alcohols (cycloartanol, cycloartenol, 24-methylenecycloartanol, and cyclobranol) with the carboxylic acid group of ferulic acid [1,2,3]. Previous studies suggested that GO has a variety of biological effects, including cholesterol-lowering, glucose metabolism [4,5,6], anti-inflammatory [7], and anti-oxidant activities [6]. In vitro GO antioxidant activity was reported to be four times higher than vitamin E [8] and has been used to treat hyperlipidemia and increase muscle mass [9]. Studies have shown that GO increases improved muscle strength due to resistance training [10]. GO is known to affect gene expression and several metabolic pathways related to inflammation [11,12] and oxidative stress [13]. Szczesniak et al [14] demonstrated that GO may affect
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