Abstract
A new scheme is proposed to measure the electro-optical (EO) and converse-piezoelectric (CPE) coefficients of the PMN-PT ceramics simultaneously, in which the PMN-PT ceramics acts as the guiding layer of a symmetrical metal-cladding waveguide. As the applied electric field exerts on the waveguide, the effective refractive index (RI) (or synchronous angle) can be effectively tuned from a selected mode to another adjacent mode owing to the high sensitivity and the small spacing of the ultra-high order modes. Subsequently, a correlation between EO and CPE coefficients is established. With this correlation and the measurement of the effective RI change to the applied voltage, the quadratic EO and CPE coefficients of PMN-PT ceramics are obtained simultaneously. The obtained results are further checked by fitting the variations of effective RI to a quadratic function. Our measurement method can be extended to a wide range of other materials.
Highlights
The development of new optical materials with large EO and CPE coefficients is currently of great interest because of the possibility to further minimize device size and reduce operation voltage [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
When an electric field is applied, the refractive index (RI) and thickness of PMN-PT ceramics is altered by the EO and CPE effect, and the synchronous angles of the two ultrahigh-order modes are shifted to a new position
It is seen that the effective RI of the ultrahigh-order modes, which are excited at very small incident angles, i.e. N → 0, shows a high sensitivity to ∆n2 and ∆h2
Summary
The development of new optical materials with large EO and CPE coefficients is currently of great interest because of the possibility to further minimize device size and reduce operation voltage [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. We take advantage of the high sensitivity of the ultra-high order modes in response to the change of the guiding layer parameters and the small separation between two adjacent ultra-high order modes to establish a correlation between EO and CPE coefficients of PMN-PT ceramics. With this correlation and the measurement of the effective RI change to the applied voltage, the quadratic EO and CPE coefficients of PMN-PT ceramics are obtained simultaneously
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