Abstract
The electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films were simultaneously improved by adding an ionic liquid (IL) into a polymer solution of the polymers. The maximum electrical conductivity of such a PEDOT:PSS/IL film reached 174 S cm−1, more than an order of magnitude higher than that of pure PEDOT:PSS film, and the maximum Seebeck coefficient was up to 30 μV K−1, more than twice the value for pure PEDOT:PSS film. This behavior is different from conventional thermoelectric (TE) materials, whose TE properties are strongly correlated, such as increasing electrical conductivity with increasing carrier concentration, usually resulting in a logarithmic decrease in Seebeck coefficient. Atomic force microscopy images of the PEDOT:PSS/IL films indicated that the ILs induced formation of a particular three-dimensional structure of highly conducting PEDOT grains, resulting in improvement of the TE performance of PEDOT:PSS films.
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