Abstract
An on-line automated system for the simultaneous flow injection determination of calcium and fluoride in natural and borehole water with conventional calcium-selective and fluoride-selective membrane electrodes as sensors in series is described. Samples (30 μl) are injected into a TISAB II (pH=5.50) carrier solution as an ionic strength adjustment buffer. The sample-buffer zone formed is first channeled to a fluoride-selective membrane electrode and then via the calcium-selective membrane electrode to the reference electrodes. The system is suitable for the simultaneous on-site monitoring of calcium (linear range 10 −5–10 −2 mol l −1 detection limit 1.94×10 −6 mol l −1 recovery 99.22%, RSD<0.5%) and fluoride (linear range 10 −5–10 −2 mol l −1 detection limit 4.83×10 −6 mol l −1 recovery 98.63%, RSD=0.3%) at a sampling rate of 60 samples h −1.
Published Version
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