Abstract
Objectives To investigate whether Panax ginseng (P. ginseng) could affect the metabolism of Diester Alkaloids (DAs) derived from Aconiti Lateralis Radix in vivo. Methods and Results 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized for 7-day treatment with P. ginseng (low, middle, and high), or vehicle. Aconiti Lateralis Radix was administered orally to each group on the 8th day. Plasma samples were collected, and Xevo TQ-S was used to detect the concentration of aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine in plasma. We describe a fast and reproducible method to detect the concentration of aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine in plasma. Compared to the control group, the AUC(0-t) of three DAs increased in both the middle and high dosing groups. The Vz/F of three DAs in these groups as well as the CLz/F of aconitine in all P. ginseng groups and the CLz/F of mesaconitine and hypaconitine in P. ginseng middle and high groups were decreased compared to the control group. Conclusion Orally administrated P. ginseng potentially inhibits the metabolism of DAs from Aconiti Lateralis Radix in rats.
Highlights
The positive ion peak chromatograms of aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine in Aconiti Lateralis Radix by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS were shown in Figure 2 and clearly show that aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine were successfully extracted from Aconiti Lateralis Radix
It has been observed that a small change in the concentration of Diester Alkaloids (DAs) can have a significant influence on the toxicity and efficiency of Aconiti Lateralis Radix [34]
We suggest that P. ginseng can inhibit the clearance of aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine in rats
Summary
P. ginseng has been used for the treatment of various diseases such as liver dysfunction [4], hypertension [5], and cerebrovascular disease [6] in China, Japan, and Korea. Various ginsenosides such as Rg1, Rb1, Rc, Rd, Rg3, Rh1, and Rf have all been found to be important constituents in P. ginseng extracts [7,8,9,10]. Aconiti Lateralis Radix is traditional Chinese medicine famed for its toxicity and contains a range of diverse alkaloids such as aconitine, mesaconitine, hypaconitine, and benzoylaconitine among many others [11]. Mesaconitine, and hypaconitine, which are classed as DAs, have been shown to be the major toxic components in Aconiti Lateralis Radix and have been known to exert both potent cardiac toxicity and neurotoxicity in several studies [12, 13]
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