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Abstract
Herein, we report the implantation of oxygen vacancy dopants in electro-coated WO3 thin film electrodes for enhanced energy and environmental applications. The implantation method involved partial de-oxidation in sodium borohydride to introduce oxygen vacancies into the WO3 electrodes. The doped WO3-x demonstrated a significantly lowered average band energy of 2.11 eV, indicating its ability to absorb over 75 % of the visible light spectrum. Moreover, a thin film asymmetric supercapacitor assembled with WO3-x negatrode demonstrated an improved areal capacitance of 1.15 mFcm−2 and energy density of 0.33 μWhcm−2 while consuming power at 17.50 μWcm−2 when cycled at 25 μAcm−2. Our solution-processed technique allows for controllable vacancy implantation and binder-free coating of WO3-x on various substrates. It significantly reduces the processing time and requires low energy consumption, making it a practical and efficient method for enhancing the overall photo-conversion and energy storage performances of WO3-based electrodes.
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