Abstract
Purpose: To develop a rapid and reliable reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC) method to quantify the two isomers of asarones in P. sarmentosum extracts using two different columns under similar analytical conditions. Methods: Two isomers, α- and β-asarone, were analyzed using two types of C 18 columns with 0.1 % orthophosphoric acid: acetonitrile: methanol (50: 40: 10) as mobile phase. The developed method was applied to determine the contents of α- and β-asarone in extracts of different parts of P. sarmentosum. Results: Column A retention times for the elution of α- and β-asarone were 11.890 ± 0.008 and 10.80 ± 0.004 min, respectively, and were significantly shorter than those of column B (15.110 ± 0.024 and 13.290 ± 0.018, respectively, p < 0.001). Column B showed better resolution (1.82 ± 0.025 of the isomers than column A (1.10 ± 0.01, p < 0.001). Both columns showed comparable sensitivity, precision and selectivity of the compounds investigated. α-Asarone level was in the range 0.36 - 5.14 % in ethanol and 50 % ethanol extracts, but absent in all water extracts. β-Asarone occurred in the range of 0.01 - 0.15 % in ethanol and 50 % ethanol extracts but was absent in all water extracts of P. sarmentosum . Conclusion: The results indicate that the developed method is a suitable quality assurance method for determining α- and β-asarone isomers in herbal extracts and food preparations. Keywords: α- Asarone, Isomers, Piper sarmentosum , Herbal extracts, Retention time
Highlights
Piper sarmentosum Roxburgh is a herbaceous shrub, and is most widely distributed in Southeast Asia including Malaysia, Cambodia, Laos, Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and China [1]
The chemical constituents identified from the plant include (2E, 4E)-N-isobutyldecadienamide, N-(2-phenylpropanoyl) pyrrole, sarmentine, sarmentosine, 1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)(1E)-tetradecane, 1-allyl-2,6-demethoxy-3,4methylenedioxybenzene, asaricin, α-asarone, γasarone, hydrocinnamic, oxalic acids, sitosterol and naringenin [11,12]
Asarones are mostly found in isomers i.e. cis- and trans-forms
Summary
Piper sarmentosum Roxburgh (family: Piperaceae) is a herbaceous shrub, and is most widely distributed in Southeast Asia including Malaysia, Cambodia, Laos, Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and China [1]. The chemical constituents identified from the plant include (2E, 4E)-N-isobutyldecadienamide, N-(2-phenylpropanoyl) pyrrole, sarmentine, sarmentosine, 1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)(1E)-tetradecane, 1-allyl-2,6-demethoxy-3,4methylenedioxybenzene, asaricin, α-asarone, γasarone, hydrocinnamic, oxalic acids, sitosterol and naringenin [11,12]. Asarones are mostly found in isomers i.e. cis- and trans-forms. The trans-asarone or α-asarone chemically known as (E)-1,2,4-trimethoxy-5-(prop-1-en-1-yl) benzene while cis-asarone or β-asarone known as (Z)1,2,4-trimethoxy-5-(prop-1-en-1-yl)benzene. Apart from showing biological activities, i.e. anthelmintic, pesticidal and neuroprotective [13, 14], both α- and β-asarones are known as carcinogenic and genotoxic compounds [15,16]. Β-asarone possesses toxic and sterilizing effects [17] whereas α-asarone showed greater cytotoxic effect [18] Apart from showing biological activities, i.e. anthelmintic, pesticidal and neuroprotective [13, 14], both α- and β-asarones are known as carcinogenic and genotoxic compounds [15,16]. β-asarone possesses toxic and sterilizing effects [17] whereas α-asarone showed greater cytotoxic effect [18]
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