Simultaneous Determination of Sunset Yellow FCF, Allura Red AC, Quinoline Yellow WS, and Tartrazine in Food Samples by RP-HPLC

Hakan Alp,Davut Başkan,Nurettin Yaylı,Miraç Ocak,Ahmet Yaşar,Ümmühan Ocak

doi:10.1155/2018/6486250

Abstract

An efficient method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Sunset Yellow FCF (E110), Allura Red AC (E129), Quinoline Yellow WS (E104), and Tartrazine (E102) in food samples by RP-HPLC. The mentioned food dyes were analyzed at room temperature for 23 min with gradient elution. Three mobile phases were used for the elution, and mobile phase A was an acetate buffer (pH = 7.5, 1%), mobile phase B was acetonitrile, and mobile phase C was methanol. The flow rate was 1.0 mL min−1, and the injection volume was 20 µL. The linear ranges were 0.72–50 mg L−1, 0.24–50 mg L−1, 0.75–10 mg L−1, and 0.69–50 mg L−1for Tartrazine, Quinoline Yellow WS, Sunset Yellow FCF, and Allura Red AC, respectively.R2values were 0.999 for all dyes. Limits of detection were 0.24 mg L−1, 0.08 mg L−1, 0.25 mg L−1, and 0.23 mg L−1for Tartrazine, Quinoline Yellow WS, Sunset Yellow FCF, and Allura Red AC, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the measurements for all of the four dyes was between 0.56 and 1.65% intraday measurements. This method was successfully applied in the determination of the mentioned dyes in ice pops, gummy bears, chewing gum, and sweets candy samples.

Highlights

Synthetic food dyes are legally used in order to increase the attractiveness and color of the food [1]
Sunset Yellow FCF, Allura Red AC, Quinoline Yellow WS, and Tartrazine are synthetic food dyes that are widely used in ice cream, popsicles, confectionery, gummy bears, juices, bakery, meat, sweets candy, desserts, snacks, drinks, and sauces [2, 3]
It has been thought that these food dyes cause some adverse effects, especially on the nervous system [4,5,6]. e health problems related to the synthetic food dyes depending on the reactions of the aromatic azo compounds in the structure are attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, allergies, food intolerance, and asthma [6,7,8]. e toxicity of the food dyes on the living organisms has been investigated [9,10,11]

Summary

Introduction

Synthetic food dyes are legally used in order to increase the attractiveness and color of the food [1]. Sunset Yellow FCF, Allura Red AC, Quinoline Yellow WS, and Tartrazine are synthetic food dyes that are widely used in ice cream, popsicles, confectionery, gummy bears, juices, bakery, meat, sweets candy, desserts, snacks, drinks, and sauces [2, 3]. Some spectrophotometric methods have been proposed for the analysis of food dyes [2, 3, 13,14,15].

Results

Conclusion