Abstract
Salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, methyl salicylate, and methyl jasmonate are important phytohormones and defensive signaling compounds, so it is of great importance to determine their levels rapidly and accurately. The study uses Ulmus pumila leaves infected by Tetraneura akinire Sasaki at different stages as materials; after extraction with 80% methanol and ethyl acetate and purification with primary secondary amine (PSA) and graphitized carbon blacks (GCB), the contents of signal compounds salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, methyl salicylate, and methyl jasmonate were determined by GC-MS. The results showed that the level of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, methyl salicylate, and methyl jasmonate increased remarkably in U. pumila once infected by T. akinire Sasaki, but the maximums of these four compounds occurred at different times. Salicylic acid level reached the highest at the early stage, and jasmonic acid level went to the maximum in the middle stage; by contrast, change of content of methyl salicylate and methyl jasmonate was the quite opposite.
Highlights
When suffering herbivores attack in nature, in addition to relying on their stems and leaf hairs, spines, and other first physical barriers, plants depend on the changes in their hormone levels or release of certain signal substances involved in chemically induced defense against attack [1]
Their physiological effects are extremely complex in plants, and it is of great significance to establish a stable and sensitive method for determination of endogenous signal compounds
In order to remove the interference of impurities from the extracts, the same volume of ethyl acetate and n-hexane were used as the extract solvent to evaluate the extraction efficiency of these signal compounds
Summary
When suffering herbivores attack in nature, in addition to relying on their stems and leaf hairs, spines, and other first physical barriers, plants depend on the changes in their hormone levels or release of certain signal substances involved in chemically induced defense against attack [1]. Zhang et al have determined jasmonic acid level from extract of Hevea brasiliensis bark by using capillary electrophoresis laserinduced fluorescence detection method [13]. This method needs to treat jasmonic acid without fluorescence emission groups with fluorescence derivatization, making the analysis process more cumbersome. Content of signal compounds in different periods after the attack of Tetraneura akinire Sasaki to U. pumila leaves was determined, and their changes were analyzed. The aim of this study was to reveal change trends of endogenous jasmonic acid and salicylic acid levels in host U. pumila leaves during the formation of gall
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