Simultaneous determination of paclitaxel and vinorelbine from environmental water and urine samples based on dispersive micro solid phase extraction-HPLC using a green and novel MOF-On-MOF sorbent composite

Abstract

Dispersive micro solid phase extraction based on a novel and green sorbent was introduced to extract two anti-cancers (paclitaxel and vinorelbine) from environmental water and urine samples. The new composite containing chitosan, MIL-88B and MIL-88A was synthesized as a green sorbent using hydrothermal and chemical procedures. For this purpose, a MOF-on-MOF was prepared based on growing MIL-88B on MIL-88A as a sorbent core. Then, MIL-88B@MIL-88A was coated with chitosan to prepare the sorbent (MIL-88B@MIL-88A@chitosan). The sorbent’s ability to extract paclitaxel and vinorelbine was compared with the sorbent components, indicating that coating MIL-88B@MIL-88A with chitosan leads to a significant increase in the analytes’ recoveries. A Plackett-Burman design and a Box-Behnken design were utilized for screening the factors and optimizing the significant factors in the microextraction procedure, respectively. The method exhibits a linear range between 0.11 and 217.4 and 0.12–234.8 ng mL−1 with R2 higher than 0.9931 for determining paclitaxel and vinorelbine, respectively. The limit of detection for the measurement of paclitaxel and vinorelbine were 0.03 ng mL−1. The intra-day and inter-day RSDs were in the range of 3.1–3.8 % and 3.7–4.2 % for triplicate determination of paclitaxel and vinorelbine, respectively. Besides, the method was utilized to analyze river water, well water, and two urine samples. The relative recoveries of paclitaxel and vinorelbine for analyzing these real water samples were in the ranges of 88–97.6 % and 90.0–97.8 %, with relative standard deviations between 3.7 and 6.7 %, respectively.