Simultaneous Determination of Nε-(carboxymethyl) Lysine and Nε-(carboxyethyl) Lysine in Different Sections of Antler Velvet after Various Processing Methods by UPLC-MS/MS.

Rui-Ze Gong,Kun Gao,Yin-Shi Sun,Bao Chen,Yan-Hua Wang,Yu-Fang Wang

doi:10.3390/molecules23123316

Abstract

Nε-(Carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) and Nε-(carboxyethyl) advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and are frequently used as markers of AGE formation. AGEs, such as CML and CEL, have harmful effects in the human body and have been closely linked to many diseases such as diabetes and uremia. However, details on the contents of CML and CEL after applying different antler velvet processing methods are lacking. In this research, a robust lysine (CEL) are two typical UPLC-MS/MS method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of CML and CEL in various sections of antler velvet processed with different methods. In addition, factors affecting the CML and CEL contents are discussed. The CML contents of antler velvet after freeze-drying, boiling, processing without blood, and processing with blood were 74.55–458.59, 119.44–570.69, 75.36–234.92, and 117.11–456.01 μg/g protein, respectively; the CEL contents were 0.74–12.66, 11.33–35.93, 0.00–6.75, and 0.00–23.41 μg/g protein, respectively. The different contents of CML and CEL in the different samples of antler velvet result from the different interactions of the protein and lysine at different temperatures. These data can be used to estimate the potential consumer intake of CML and CEL from antler velvet and for guiding producers on how to reduce the production of CML and CEL.

Highlights

Antler velvet is a representative animal medicinal material and dietary supplement that has been an important part of traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years in China, Korea, and Southeast Asian countries [1,2,3]
Because CML and Channels ES+ (CEL) can be generated via peroxidation of the antler velvet lipid content, it was important to remove lipids from the antler velvet samples to prevent overestimation in the results
The CML and CEL contents in different sections of antler velvet subjected to different processing methods have been simultaneously determined for the first time

Summary

Introduction

Antler velvet is a representative animal medicinal material and dietary supplement that has been an important part of traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years in China, Korea, and Southeast Asian countries [1,2,3]. It has various pharmacological effects, such as anti-oxidation and anti-osteoporosis properties [4,5,6]. During the processing and storage of antler velvet, amino compounds (e.g., proteins, amino acids) react with carbonyl compounds (e.g., reducing sugars, lipid oxidation products) to randomly form Different processing methods and sections of the antler velvet have different influences on the bioactive components and pharmacological activities [4,5,6]; the processing conditions are crucial for antler velvet’s dietary and medical functions.

Methods

Results

Conclusion