Simultaneous determination of morphine and codeine using Pt nanoparticles supported on porous silicon flour modified ionic liquid carbon paste electrode

Abstract

Pt nanoparticles supported on porous silicon (PSi) flour was synthesized by a simple in-situ redox reaction between PtCl62− and PSi, in hydrofluoric acid solution. The components and morphological properties of Pt/PSi nanocomposites were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Pt/PSi nanocomposite in carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) has synergetic effect on the oxidation of morphine and codeine. Simultaneous determination of morphine and codeine were performed using the proposed sensor by means of adsorptive striping voltammetry. Under the optimum conditions, the oxidation current responses of morphine and codeine were linear in the concentration range of 0.10–25.0μmolL−1. The detection limits of 30.0 and 20.0nmolL−1 were achieved for morphine and codeine, respectively. The electrochemical sensor has high sensitivity toward the analytes with a good reproducibility (due to the high synergetic activity of Pt nanoparticles and good antifouling properties of the ionic liquid). To check the applicability of the sensor, the proposed sensor was used for the simultaneous determination of morphine and codeine in biological fluids with satisfactory results.