Abstract
In industrial processes, there is a great need for enhanced monitoring of layered liquids for safety and quality assurance. Here a five-wire line-based microwave sensor is presented for simultaneous determination of the levels and complex permittivities. Special design of a transition section is made for signal coupling and impedance matching. Applying the transmission line theory and the transmission matrix technique, an analytical model is proposed for the inverse calculation. Numerical simulation is performed to show that the electromagnetic fields are confined between the central rod and the other rods. The experimental results also confirm that the sensing is unaffected by surrounding metallic objects. The applicability for the common air-oil-water system is thoroughly investigated, where the errors of the levels and the permittivity are within ±5%. It is demonstrated that the permittivity of strongly frequency dispersive liquids can also be accurately evaluated using a relaxation model, offering wide applicability. The sensor developed is compact, scalable, easy to implement and desired for on-site automated assessment.
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