Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by various fungi and are known to have a significant negative impact on human and animal health. When feedstuffs are contaminated with mycotoxins, their toxicities may be caused a variety of diseases. In this study, the residual mycotoxins in feedstuffs were analyzed using LC–MS/MS incorporated with QuEChERS extraction. Analytical method validation was performed for LOD, LOQ, linearity, and recoveries with consideration of matrix effects prior to the residual analysis. They were all reached to the accepted range of validation level. Using 39 feedstuff samples (5 g) for mycotoxin analysis, nine samples were contaminated by four major mycotoxins such as fumonisin B1 (FB1), deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B2, and zearalenone. Among them, FB1 was detected at the highest concentration as 18.0943 mg/kg. The total sum of fumonisins in 39 samples did not exceed the maximum residual level (MRL) criterion set by Korean Food and Drug Administration. Altogether, intensive management of mycotoxins in Korean feedstuffs should be implemented with proper and routine monitoring, even their residual concentrations are not exceeded over the MRL levels because of high frequent detection found in this study.
Highlights
Mycotoxins are natural compounds produced by various fungi and that cause various diseases in humans and livestock [1,2,3,4]
Aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxins (OTs) are representative examples produced with well-known fungi and their biosynthetic mechanisms are well understood
The decomposition of aflatoxin using ammonia is a well-known method to remove the toxin from peanuts and corn [16, 17]
Summary
Mycotoxins are natural compounds produced by various fungi and that cause various diseases in humans and livestock [1,2,3,4]. A second critical aspect of mycotoxin management is adequate monitoring through multi-component simultaneous analysis to quickly and inexpensively analyze toxins in agricultural products and foods [21, 22]. Such analysis has recently been developed and introduced in various countries and is directly used for mycotoxin monitoring [21, 22]. Significant differences in the regional occurrence of mycotoxins are observed [26, 27] With this regard, a simultaneous analysis method was developed for faster and cheaper determination of multiple mycotoxins in feedstuffs because single compound analysis took several disadvantages including analytical time consumption and expensive analytical cost. Successful analytical procedures on the multiple mycotoxins at the same time were introduced with acceptable method validation results and higher efficient QuEChERS extraction level
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