Simultaneous Augmentation Cystoplasty and Cuff Only Artificial Urinary Sphincter in Children and Young Adults with Neurogenic Urinary Incontinence

Abstract

We review our experience with artificial urinary sphincter and augmentation cystoplasty in patients with neurogenic bladder. This is the largest known series to specifically evaluate cuff only artificial urinary sphincter at augmentation cystoplasty. A total of 18 males underwent simultaneous artificial urinary sphincter and augmentation cystoplasty at our institution between 1982 and 2012, of whom 13 (72%) underwent cuff only artificial urinary sphincter. Outcomes included urinary continence, emptying modality, artificial urinary sphincter status, complications and additional procedures. Of the patients undergoing augmentation cystoplasty and cuff only artificial urinary sphincter 10 (77%) were initially continent. Average time of continence was 52.9 months. Four patients (31%) required no additional procedures and remained continent. Urinary incontinence developed in 3 patients (23%) immediately postoperatively and in 6 (46%) subsequently. Ultimately 9 patients (69%) required conversion to complete artificial urinary sphincter at a mean of 36.9 months postoperatively. Overall 12 patients (92%) were continent at followup. There were no artificial sphincter specific complications in patients undergoing the cuff only procedure with conversion to complete artificial urinary sphincter. After conversion to complete artificial urinary sphincter 3 patients (23%) experienced artificial sphincter specific complications. Reoperation was performed in 10 patients (77%), for 13 total procedures (1.3 per patient). There were no complications with cuff only artificial urinary sphincter and 6 complications with complete artificial urinary sphincter (p = 0.025). Finally, patients undergoing cuff only artificial urinary sphincter requiring revision were younger than those not requiring revision (15.6 vs 30.8 years, p = 0.026). Simultaneous cuff only artificial urinary sphincter and augmentation cystoplasty appears safe and efficacious in patients with neurogenic bladder, with fewer complications than complete artificial urinary sphincter, and may provide definitive urinary continence in up to a third of patients. This procedure is technically easy, allows for outpatient revision, provides time for the child to mature and may be cost effective in avoiding placement of additional components in this select patient population.