Abstract
Dentifrices can augment oral hygiene by inactivating bacteria and at sub-lethal concentrations may affect bacterial metabolism, potentially inhibiting acidogenesis, the main cause of caries. Reported herein is the development of a rapid method to simultaneously measure group-specific bactericidal and acidogenesis-mitigation effects of dentifrices on oral bacteria. Saliva was incubated aerobically and anaerobically in Tryptone Soya Broth, Wilkins-Chalgren Broth with mucin, or artificial saliva and was exposed to dentifrices containing triclosan/copolymer (TD); sodium fluoride (FD); stannous fluoride and zinc lactate (SFD1); or stannous fluoride, zinc lactate and stannous chloride (SFD2). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined turbidometrically whilst group-specific minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were assessed using growth media and conditions selective for total aerobes, total anaerobes, streptococci and Gram-negative anaerobes. Minimum acid neutralization concentration (MNC) was defined as the lowest concentration of dentifrice at which acidification was inhibited. Differences between MIC and MNC were calculated and normalized with respect to MIC to derive the combined inhibitory and neutralizing capacity (CINC), a cumulative measure of acidogenesis-mitigation and growth inhibition. The overall rank order for growth inhibition potency (MIC) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions was: TD> SFD2> SFD1> FD. Acidogenesis-mitigation (MNC) was ordered; TD> FD> SFD2> SFD1. CINC was ordered TD> FD> SFD2> SFD1 aerobically and TD> FD> SFD1> SFD2 anaerobically. With respect to group-specific bactericidal activity, TD generally exhibited the greatest potency, particularly against total aerobes, total anaerobes and streptococci. This approach enables the rapid simultaneous evaluation of acidity mitigation, growth inhibition and specific antimicrobial activity by dentifrices.
Highlights
Dental plaque is a taxonomically diverse microbial community, which plays an important role in oral health and disease [1,2,3]
Molecular characterization of the oral microbiota has revealed that there may be distinct bacterial communities associated with healthy compared to diseased oral cavities [1, 12], with caries being associated with increases in the abundance of acidogenic microorganisms including Streptococcus mutans and homofermentative lactobacilli [3, 6]
Specificity of dentifrices for different functional groups of oral bacteria The bactericidal efficacy of the dentifrice formulations was assessed against total aerobes, total anaerobes, streptococci and Gram-negative anaerobes
Summary
Dental plaque is a taxonomically diverse microbial community, which plays an important role in oral health and disease [1,2,3]. Acidogenesis-Mitigation and Bacterial Growth-Inhibition by Dentifrices study. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. Been associated with changes in the taxonomic composition and metabolism of the oral microbiota [3], often in response to exogenous factors such as an excess of dietary fermentable sugars or poor dental hygiene resulting in inadequate plaque control [4,5]. The fermentation of dietary sugars by oral bacteria produces acids that reduce plaque pH and, if sustained, can demineralize tooth enamel forming lesions on the tooth surface, resulting in dental caries [6,7,8]. Molecular characterization of the oral microbiota has revealed that there may be distinct bacterial communities associated with healthy compared to diseased oral cavities [1, 12], with caries being associated with increases in the abundance of acidogenic microorganisms including Streptococcus mutans and homofermentative lactobacilli [3, 6]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
