Abstract
BackgroundThe consequence of simultaneous and sequential inoculation of T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens cultures with respect to growth rate, differential expression of vital genes and metabolites were examined.ResultsThe competition was observed between T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens under co-cultivation. The proliferation of Trichoderma was reduced in the simultaneous inoculation (TB1) method, possibly due to the fastest growth of Bacillus. Both T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens were proliferated in sequential inoculation method (TB2). The sequential inoculation method (TB2) upregulated the expression of metabolites and vital genes (sporulation, secondary metabolites, mycoparasitism enzymes and antioxidants) in Trichoderma and downregulated in Bacillus and vice versa in co-inoculation method (TB1). The metabolic changes in the co-culture promoted the maize plant growth and defense potential under normal and biotic stress conditions.ConclusionThe metabolites produced by the co-culture of T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens improved the maize plant growth and defense potential under normal and biotic stress conditions.
Highlights
The consequence of simultaneous and sequential inoculation of T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens cultures with respect to growth rate, differential expression of vital genes and metabolites were examined
Different superscripts in the same column are significantly different (P < 0.05) based on the ANOVA. (T1)—T (Trichoderma asperellum GDFS1009); (T2)—B (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 1841); (T3)—TB1; (T4)—TB2 (Sequential inoculated T. asperellum GDFS1009 + B. amyloliquefaciens 1841); (T5)—T + FG (Challenged with Fusarium graminearum); (T6)—B + FG; (T7)—TB1 + FG; (T8)—TB2 + FG; (T9)—FG; (T10)—Control shoot and root biomass of the plants treated with axenic and co-culture increased significantly compared to the control
The results showed that the proportion of biocontrol agents: pathogen (BC): P was higher in the plants treated with the TB2
Summary
The consequence of simultaneous and sequential inoculation of T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens cultures with respect to growth rate, differential expression of vital genes and metabolites were examined. The advancement of microbial fertilizer involved the development of microbial consortia by mixing two independent microbial culture [2, 5] In this way, we aimed to Karuppiah et al Microb Cell Fact (2019) 18:185 find an optimal condition for co-culturing the two distinctive microbes and to identify their efficacy on plant growth and bio-control activity. The mechanism behind the plant growth and disease control by Trichoderma involves (1) the secretion of cell wall hydrolytic enzymes; (2) conversion of large substrates into the smaller and available forms to be utilized by plants; (3) holding an extraordinary resistance against the chemical fungicides; (4) reduce the amount of pathogens surrounding the plant roots by making the competition for nutrients and space; (5) inhibition of pathogen growth by mycoparasitism and secondary metabolite production; (6) increase the antioxidant and systemic resistance of plants; (7) induce the plant growth by the secretion of plant growth promoting molecules [10,11,12]
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