Simultaneous analysis of paralytic shellfish toxins and tetrodotoxins in human serum by liquid chromatography coupled to Q-Exactive high-resolution mass spectrometry

Abstract

Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) and tetrodotoxins (TTXs) are powerful neurotoxins. Previous research reported that PSTs and TTXs are found together in seafoods and may pose a serious hazard to public health. In this study, a new analytical method combining modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe) with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to Q-Exactive Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry was developed and validated for the quantification of 10 PSTs and 2 TTXs in human serum. Chromatographic separation was achieved using the HILIC TSK-Gel Amide-80 column. The mass spectrometer was operated in full scan/dd-MS2(data-dependent MS2) mode, and for quantification analysis. The dd–MS2 resolution was set to 17,500 fullwidthat halfmaximum （FWHM）. Results showed that methanol with 1 % (v/v) acetic acid extraction combined with 50 mg graphitized carbon black (GCB) and 50 mg octadecyl bonded silica gel (C18) was most suitable for purification. The mean recovery for all toxins ranged from 85.3 % to 118.2 % (RSD < 12 %). The limits of detection and quantification for human serum were in the ranges of 0.67–2.61 and 2.23–8.69 ng mL−1, respectively. The method was applied to analyze toxins in serum samples obtained from three poisoned patients in a case of poisoning caused by consumption of toxin-contaminated gastropoda (Bullacta exerata). The study has important application for rapid and accurate diagnosis of PSTs and TTXs toxin poisoning patients in clinic.