Abstract
Gungha-tang (GHT), a traditional herbal medicine, consists of nine medicinal herbs (Cnidii Rhizoma, Pinelliae Tuber, Poria Sclerotium, Citri Unshius Pericarpium, Citri Unshius Pericarpium Immaturus, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, Atracylodis Rhizoma Alba, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens). It has been used for various diseases caused by phlegm. This study aimed to develop and verify the simultaneous liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis method, using nine marker components (liquiritin apioside, neoeriocitrin, narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, liquiritigenin, glycyrrhizin, and 6-shogaol) for quality control of GHT. LC–MS/MS analysis was conducted using a Waters TQ-XS system. All marker analytes were separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) using gradient elution with a distilled water solution (containing 5 mM ammonium formate and 0.1% [v/v] formic acid)–acetonitrile mobile phase. LC–MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis was carried out in negative and positive ion modes of an electrospray ionization source. The developed LC–MS/MS MRM method was validated by examining the linearity, limits of detection and quantification, recovery, and precision. LOD and LOQ values of nine markers were calculated as 0.02–8.33 ng/mL and 0.05–25.00 ng/mL. The recovery was determined to be 89.00–118.08% and precision was assessed with a coefficient of variation value of 1.74–8.64%. In the established LC–MS/MS MRM method, all markers in GHT samples were detected at 0.003–16.157 mg/g. Information gathered during the development and verification of the LC–MS/MS method will be useful for the quality assessment of GHT and other herbal medicines.
Highlights
IntroductionTraditional herbal medicines, traditional Korean medicines (TKMs), traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), and Kampo medicines (KMs), characterized by multiple components and multiple targets, have long been used in Asian countries, especially Korea, China, and Japan, for the treatment of and protection against various diseases, and for maintaining health [1]
Traditional herbal medicines, traditional Korean medicines (TKMs), traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), and Kampo medicines (KMs), characterized by multiple components and multiple targets, have long been used in Asian countries, especially Korea, China, and Japan, for the treatment of and protection against various diseases, and for maintaining health [1]. These TKMs, TCMs, and KMs consist of combinations of at least two or more medicinal herbs and are taken in the form of decoction [2,3]
The established assay was successfully applied to the GHT sample and all markers were detected within 10 min, as shown in Figure 1 and Table 1
Summary
Traditional herbal medicines, traditional Korean medicines (TKMs), traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), and Kampo medicines (KMs), characterized by multiple components and multiple targets, have long been used in Asian countries, especially Korea, China, and Japan, for the treatment of and protection against various diseases, and for maintaining health [1]. These TKMs, TCMs, and KMs consist of combinations of at least two or more medicinal herbs and are taken in the form of decoction [2,3]. A study on the safety of a single administration of GHT was reported by An et al [4], but few studies on the biological activity have been reported
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