Abstract
High frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) is traditionally unable to detect target altitude information. To simultaneously estimate the target altitude and radar cross-sections (RCS) with bistatic <svg style="vertical-align:-2.22495pt;width:46.400002px;" id="M1" height="14.85" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 46.400002 14.85" width="46.400002" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.012)"><path id="x1D447" d="M649 676l-22 -187l-33 -2q3 56 -12 94q-8 20 -31.5 26.5t-86.5 6.5h-74l-90 -491q-4 -23 -6 -36.5t1 -25t7 -16.5t18 -9t27 -5t41 -3l-6 -28h-286l4 28q68 5 84 18.5t28 76.5l94 491h-55q-74 0 -100.5 -6t-41.5 -23q-24 -29 -54 -98l-32 1q32 98 53 188h22q7 -18 15 -22
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t-115.5 -72q40 -86 66 -133q39 -68 65 -101q28 -37 73 -51zM491 483q0 67 -33.5 101t-91.5 34q-35 0 -51 -10q-13 -8 -20 -48l-45 -245h49q71 0 113 28q79 52 79 140z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,29.334,12.012)"><path id="x2D" d="M300 253l-14 -55h-229l14 55h229z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,35.386,12.012)"><use xlink:href="#x1D445"/></g> </svg> HFSWR, a novel estimation model is proposed with the variation of the propagation attenuation, and the target echoes are utilized to construct the measurement equation. The presented model is completely observable to the target state, which can contribute to preferable estimation results. In order to improve the estimation accuracy, a centralized fusion model is adopted to fuse four measurement vectors. Simulations and practical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed estimation model.
Highlights
High frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) transmits vertically polarized electromagnetic waves to track ships and aircrafts at ranges of several hundreds of kilometers [1, 2]
It means that the initial state is represented by a Gaussian mixture, each mixture component is initialized by an assumed initial altitude and tracked with an extend Kalman filter (EKF)
An extend Kalman filter (EKF) method was proposed to estimate the altitude and radar cross-sections (RCS) real time in [11]; the measurement equation is constructed with the target echo amplitude, which is the function of altitude and RCS
Summary
High frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) transmits vertically polarized electromagnetic waves to track ships and aircrafts at ranges of several hundreds of kilometers [1, 2]. In order to eliminate this drawback, [9] proposed an autonomous multiple model method named Height-parameterized extended kalman filter (HPEKF) for 3D tracking with monostatic 2D radar It was inspired by the range-parameterized EKF in bearing only tracking. An extend Kalman filter (EKF) method was proposed to estimate the altitude and RCS real time in [11]; the measurement equation is constructed with the target echo amplitude, which is the function of altitude and RCS. This model has several serious flaws; it is low observable and sensitive to the initial state.
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