Abstract
This paper proposes a method for determining the optimal sites and sizes of multi-type distributed generations (DG) and capacitors for minimizing reactive power losses (RPL) in distribution systems. The proposed method is developed based on generic closed-form analytical expressions for calculating optimal sizes of DG units and capacitors at their candidate sites. The reduction in RPL with DG and capacitors is evaluated using another analytical expression that relates power injections of DG and capacitors with RPL. An optimal power flow algorithm (OPF) is incorporated in the proposed method to consider the constraints of the distribution systems, DG, and capacitors. Various types of DG are considered, and their optimal power factors can be accurately computed while optimizing the sizes of capacitors in a simultaneous manner to reduce RPL. The 69-bus distribution system is used to test the proposed method. An exact search method is employed to verify the accuracy of the proposed method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated for solving the optimal allocation problem with different combinations of multi-type DG units and capacitors.
Highlights
Sufficient reactive power supply in electrical power systems plays an important role in maintaining proper reliability and security
Since the reactive power losses can be represented by the proposed equation (5), the objective function of the placement problem is expressed as the minimization of Qloss,distributed generations (DG)
This paper has proposed a new method for determining the optimal mix of different DG types and capacitors in distribution systems for reactive power minimization
Summary
Sufficient reactive power supply in electrical power systems plays an important role in maintaining proper reliability and security. In the distribution system level, the reactive power sources can include capacitors and different types of distributed generation (DG) These units have great impacts on several indices of distribution systems, such as voltage profile, power flow, losses, and voltage stability. The proposed method is directed to calculate the optimal power factors of multi-type DG while investigating its positive impacts on distribution systems. Unlike the methods in the literature, this paper provides generic closed-form analytical expressions for the optimal sizing of multiple DG and capacitors to minimize reactive power losses (RPL). In the literature, many papers assume that power factors of DG units are equal and specified, while the proposed method can calculate the optimal power factors of the DG units with capacitors, and it effectively compensates RPS in distribution systems. The optimal placement (i.e., the effective locations, the optimal capacities, and even the best mix) of these different sources of reactive powers can obviously enhance system stability
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