Simultaneous activation of spinal antiopioid system (neuropeptide FF) and pain facilitatory circuitry by stimulation of opioid receptors in rats

Abstract

Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) is a mammalian FMRFamide-like octapeptide with antiopioid properties that inhibits morphine-induced analgesia but also produces hyperalgesia. In the present study, a series of three experiments was carried out to investigate the interactions between opioid receptor stimulation and antiopioid systems. First, by using an in vitro superfusion system with rat spinal cord slices, we showed that morphine stimulated NPFF release in a dose-dependent manner. The stimulating effect which was observed with morphine concentrations as low as 100 fM reached a maximum at 0.1 nM, then decreased and was ineffective at 10 μM. The morphine-induced release of NPFF was abolished by naloxone (1 μM) but unaltered by tetrodotoxin. Second, by an in vivo approach, we showed that a single heroin administration (2.5 mg/kg, s.c.) elicited in 30 min a drastic drop (38%) in spinal NPFF content. In a third experiment, we evaluated the capacity of naloxone in revealing an antiopioid component associated with opioid receptor stimulation. The administration of naloxone (1 mg/kg, s.c.) 25 min following that of heroin (2.5 mg/kg, s.c.), not only abolished the heroin-induced increase of tail-flick latency, but also lowered it under the basal value by 30%. These results indicate that opioid receptor stimulation activates both pain inhibitory and pain facilitatory systems in which NPFF may play a significant role and that opiate-induced analgesia is always partly masked.