Abstract
To describe the occurrence of simultaneous risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases, and factors associated with these prevalences in rural adults of a Southern Brazilian city. The design of this study was cross-sectional with a sample of 1,445 adults from the rural area of Pelotas, RS. Four risk factors were considered: smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and inadequate consumption of vegetables. To verify the simultaneous occurrence of the outcomes, a cluster analysis was used. The association was tested by ordinal regression resulting in odds ratios. Among the four risk factors evaluated, three were the most prevalent among men, and only physical inactivity was greater among women. In the cluster analysis, only the combination of alcohol consumption + smoking + inadequate vegetable consumption presented an observed prevalence that was significantly higher than the expected (O/E = 2.67, 95%CI 1.30, 5.48), and higher than another study in the south of the country. This can be justified because that study included an evaluation of urban dwellers and the consumption of fruits. After adjustment, men, single individuals, non-white people, those with less schooling, those with a worse socioeconomic status, those who reported poor perception of health, and those who do not work in specifically rural activities had a greater probability of having the simultaneity of risk factors. The results show the importance of developing priority actions regarding the health of rural populations with special attention to the subgroups with an identified higher risk.
Highlights
Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are responsible for 70% of deaths worldwide, of which 80% occur in low and middle income countries[1]
Objectives: To describe the occurrence of simultaneous risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases, and factors associated with these prevalences in rural adults of a Southern Brazilian city
The result of a time trend analysis carried out by the Global Burden of Diseases showed that smoking, inadequate consumption of vegetables and physical inactivity were, respectively, the 9th, 20th and 21st in ranking among the conditions responsible for the years of life lost due to disability in 20154
Summary
Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are responsible for 70% of deaths worldwide, of which 80% occur in low and middle income countries[1]. Among the factors that increase the burden of these diseases are physical inactivity, alcohol abuse, inadequate diet, and smoking[3]. The result of a time trend analysis carried out by the Global Burden of Diseases showed that smoking, inadequate consumption of vegetables and physical inactivity were, respectively, the 9th, 20th and 21st in ranking among the conditions responsible for the years of life lost due to disability in 20154. There is extensive literature showing the increase in the prevalence of NCDs due to several known risk factors (RF)[3,5,6], there are few studies that evaluate the concomitant occurrence of these behaviors[7,8,9,10,11]. In Pernambuco, a study with adolescents found that more than half of young people (58.5%) were simultaneously exposed to two or more RF8, and in the south of the country, this prevalence in the elderly was 88.1%7
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