Simulative Prediction of Fiber-Matrix Separation in Rib Filling During Compression Molding Using a Direct Fiber Simulation

Abstract

Compression molding of long fiber reinforced composites offers specific advantages in automotive applications due to the high strength to weight ratio, the comparably low tooling costs and short cycle times. However, the manufacturing process of long fiber composite parts presents a range of challenges. The phenomenon of fiber matrix separation (FMS) is causing severe deviations in fiber content, especially in complex ribbed structures. Currently, there is no commercial software that is capable to accurately predict FMS. This work uses a particle level mechanistic model to study FMS in a rib filling application. The direct fiber simulation (DFS) is uniquely suited to this application due to its ability to model individual fibers and their bending, as well as the interaction amongst fibers that leads to agglomeration. The effects of mold geometry, fiber length, viscosity, and initial fiber orientation are studied. It is shown that fiber length and initial fiber orientation have the most pronounced effects on fiber volume percentage in the ribs, with viscosity and part geometry playing a smaller role.