Abstract
Muon tomography is a method to investigate the in-situ rock density. It is based on the absorption of cosmic-ray muons according to the quantity of matter (thickness and density). Numerical simulations are performed in order to estimate the expected muon flux in LSBB Underground Research Laboratory (URL) (Rustrel, France). The aim of the muon measurements in the underground galleries of this laboratory is to characterize the spatial and temporal density variations caused by water transfer in the unsaturated zone of the Fontaine-de-Vaucluse karstic aquifer.
Highlights
Muons are charged particles produced in the atmosphere
Muography is a method to investigate the subsurface, its principle being based on muon absorption to estimate the density of the rock
The simulation of muon flux is divided into two parts: it is estimated at sea level and after crossing rock of variable thickness
Summary
Mainly composed of protons [1, 2], interact with the atmosphere and produce a huge number of secondary particles, including muons. These muons are interesting because, due to their important mass (i.e., 200 times that of electrons), they are highly penetrating and they are able to propagate down to several hundreds of meters below the surface [3]. Alvarez et al [5] used it for archeology, to study the internal structure of the Chephren pyramid It has been developed in volcanology [6,7,8,9]. These last years, the projects using muons have diversified: the CO2 storage [10], exploration of Mars [11], etc
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