Abstract
In this paper we present the results of GEANT4 simulations of the production of surface muons as a function of energy of the incident protons on a graphite target. A validation of the GEANT4 hadronic physics models has been performed by comparing the results with experimental data from the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, United States. Considering the ISIS muon target as a reference, simulations have been performed to optimize the pion and muon production. Of particular significance, we predict that optimal surface muon production occurs at a relatively modest proton energy of 500 MeV. This will be of importance for the development of future $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{SR}$ facilities.
Highlights
Muon spin rotation, relaxation, and resonance, collectively known as SR, are uniquely sensitive probes of the distribution and dynamics of nuclear and atomic magnetic fields in materials of scientific and technological importance
SR requires intense beams of positively charged spin polarized muons. Such beams are generally produced via the interaction of high energy proton beams with a light atomic mass target and it is the decay of those positive pions created at rest at the surface of the target that leads to the emission of low energy or surface polarized positively charged muons with spins aligned antiparallel to their momentum
Even more intense muon beams, has led us to explore in detail the possibilities of further optimizing muon production rates. In this context we report here a series of GEANT4 simulations of proton-target interactions, and subsequent stationary positive pion and surface muon production, in which the simulations have been rigorously benchmarked against experimental data obtained at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory
Summary
Relaxation, and resonance, collectively known as SR, are uniquely sensitive probes of the distribution and dynamics of nuclear and atomic magnetic fields in materials of scientific and technological importance. SR requires intense beams of positively charged spin polarized muons. A laboratory frame energy threshold of 600 MeV, it is possible to produce pairs of pions in the following proton-nucleon reactions:. Even more intense muon beams, has led us to explore in detail the possibilities of further optimizing muon production rates. In this context we report here a series of GEANT4 simulations of proton-target interactions, and subsequent stationary positive pion and surface muon production, in which the simulations have been rigorously benchmarked against experimental data obtained at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory. Our simulations may well prove useful both for increasing muon beam intensities at existing SR facilities and for designing a new dedicated high intensity muon source for SR studies and fundamental physics [4]
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