Abstract
Radiation patterns emitted from a long-term evolution (LTE) base station antenna were first simulated by the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method. The validity of simulation results of radiation patterns was further checked by measurement data. After validating the accuracy of the FDTD method, electric fields at 123 test sites around a LTE base station in an urban area of Taipei City were simulated. Simulated electric fields were also validated by comparison with measured data obtained by a high frequency selective radiation meter with an isotropic E-field probe. Simulated and measured electric fields are in the range of 0.104–1.182 and 0.098–1.179 V/m at 1795 MHz, respectively. From obtained electric field strengths, it is ensured that the urban area is a good signal environment. The maximum power density emitted from the LTE base station is about1.853×10-4mW/cm2and is thus far below the safety standard value of 1.197 mW/cm2for human exposure to RF radiation at 1795 MHz.
Highlights
Mobile broadband networks are becoming insufficient as operators offer widespread broadband multimedia access to meet the increased demand
long-term evolution (LTE) is a technical specification used to enhance and to optimize the third Generation Partnership Project radio access architecture [1]. It is based on the global system for mobile communications (GSM) and the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) network technologies to increase capacity and speed using a different radio interface together with core network improvements [2, 3]
An important issue encountered in the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method is the absorbing boundary conditions (ABC)
Summary
Mobile broadband networks are becoming insufficient as operators offer widespread broadband multimedia access to meet the increased demand. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation to EM energy These authorities include the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and American National Standards Institute (IEEE/ANSI) [4], the International Commissions on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) [5], and the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) [6]. For human exposure in uncontrolled environments to EM energy at radio frequencies from 300 MHz to 15 GHz, the ANSI/IEEE safety standard is expressed by f /1500 mW/cm, where frequency f is in MHz. Measurements of RF electric and magnetic fields around cellular phone base stations may be available in the literature [7,8,9]. Simulated electric fields at 123 test sites around the LTE base station in the urban area were compared with measurement data and safety standard levels recommended by the IEEE/ANSI
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