Abstract
BackgroundFailures in non‐technical skills (NTS) rather than technical expertise are frequently at the root of medical errors in the operating room (OR). NTS are the cognitive (decision making and situation awareness) and interpersonal (communication and teamwork) skills that are recognized, but not formally addressed in surgical training.PurposeTo examine the effect of simulation‐based training (SBT) on NTS performance of surgical residents during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).SettingThe study was carried out in a simulated OR that was arranged with standard equipment for LC, a high‐fidelity patient simulator and a real OR team.Design11 surgery residents completed 2 identical SBT Sessions. For each Session, the resident was briefed on the LC case, completed the case in the simulated OR and debriefed his/her videotaped performance with a content expert.Assessment4 raters, blinded to the residents' PGY level and the order of the videotaped Sessions, reviewed the recordings and scored the residents' NTS using a perioperative Time Out checklist and Intraoperative LC checklist.ResultsScores on both checklists improved from Session 1 to Session 2, p<0.05, suggesting that SBT is effective for improving the NTS that underpin surgical proficiency.ConclusionIt could be reasonably argued that improved NTS of surgeons would reduce medical errors and improve patient safety in the OR.
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