Simulation study on the efficiency of thermochromic absorber coatings for solar thermal flat-plate collectors

Abstract

We present a comparative simulative study to evaluate the efficiency and stagnation behavior of commercially available absorber coatings for solar thermal flat-plate collectors. A market survey has revealed different absorber coatings, which exhibit solar absorptances of α > 90% and thermal emittances ε of 5–90%. All these coatings can be classified as wet-chemically electroplated coatings on the basis of black chrome, highly selective sputtered PVD coatings, solar paints and novel thermochromic coatings. We calculated the annual solar collector energy output by means of collector simulations with the tool ScenoCalc and compared the collector efficiency of several absorber coatings. We have carried out TRNSYS simulations both with systems for solar domestic hot water preparation and solar-assisted space heating. In a solar domestic hot water system with a daily tapping volume of 100 L we report an increase in the auxiliary energy demand of up to 6% with black chrome, 7% with thermochromic and 21% with solar paint coatings compared to sputtered PVD coatings. In a solar combisystem the increase in the auxiliary energy demand does not exceed 1.4% for thermochromic and black chrome coatings and 6.1% for solar paints. The stagnation period can be reduced from 178 h per year (PVD coatings) to 118 h, 62 h and 11 h for black chrome, thermochromic and solar paint coatings, respectively. The maximum absorber temperatures decrease from 175 °C (PVD coatings) to 165 °C for black chrome, 145 °C for thermochromic and 135 °C for solar paint coatings.