Abstract
Based on the open source software OpenFOAM, a new computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver is developed for trans/supercritical jets. Considering the real-fluid effects, the pressure Poisson equation is modified using two real-fluid equations of state (EOSs). Turbulent flows of liquid nitrogen jets are studied by different turbulence models based on Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) under trans/supercritical pressure conditions, and the iterative calculation of pressure–velocity-density coupling is implemented by the extended PISO algorithm. The simulation results of different EOSs are compared with the experimental data, and the performance and accuracy of different EOSs coupling with five different turbulence models applied to trans/supercritical jets are analyzed and quantified. The results indicate that the selection of real-fluid EOS is more significant and important than the turbulence model for the numerical performance. Analysis of three cases under different operating conditions shows that none of the conventional RANS models always give satisfactory results, and all need to be extended to adapt to various characteristics under trans/supercritical conditions.
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