Simulation of VOC emissions from building materials by using the state-space method

Abstract

There are many mass-transfer models for predicting VOC emissions from building materials described in the literature. In these models, the volatile organic compound (VOC) emission rate and its concentration in a chamber or a room are usually obtained by analytical method or numerical method. Although these methods demonstrate some salient features, they also have some flaws, e.g., for analytical method the solutions of both room or chamber VOC concentration and building material VOC emission rate are constituted of the sum of an infinite series, in which additional computation for finding roots to a transcendental function is necessary, but sometimes quite complicated. Besides, when it is applied in complex cases such as multilayer emission with internal reaction, the solution is very difficult to get; for conventional numerical methods such as finite difference method, discrete treatment of both time and space may cause calculation errors. Considering that, the state-space method widely used in modern automation control field and the heat transfer field is applied to simulate VOC emissions from building materials. It assumes that a slab of building material is composed of a number of finite layers, in each of which the instantaneous VOC concentration is homogenous during the entire process of emission, while the time is kept continuous. Based on this assumption we can predict both the VOC emissions rate and the concentrations of VOCs in the air of a chamber or room. The method is generally applied to simulate VOC emissions from arbitrary layers of building materials, and the solution is explicit and simple. What's more, the method can be applied to the cases where a reaction producing/removing VOC in building materials exists. For some specific cases the method is validated using the experimental data and the analytical solutions in the literature. The method provides a simple but powerful tool for simulating VOC emissions from building materials, which is especially useful in developing indoor air quality (IAQ) simulation software.