Simulation of velocity field changes in a backwater area of the Kama reservoir in different water regime phases

Abstract

The area of variable backwater of any reservoir is a complex natural and anthropogenic system that changes significantly during a year. The changes are primarily determined by water balance dynamics during a year that is a correlation between input and output water masses into a reservoir or at any part of the water object. Secondly, the input and output of sediment load changes constantly during a year. Transition of sediments from one site to another significantly changes the morphometrical features and morphology of the latter. Finally, the cyclical nature of the changes mentioned above is caused by daily, weekly, and annual discharge regulation that is conducted according to the Kama reservoir operating regulations. The simulation results of the flow velocity changes at the site Tyul’kino village – Berezniki town during different phases of water regime for high water year and average water years are presented in the article. The calculation of continuous velocity field at the site under investigation (a hydrodynamic model) is based on a digital elevation model of the bottom (DEM), and water level, water surface gradient and bottom roughness have been also considered in the model.