Abstract
The eruption of Sinabung on June 9, 2019, was categorized as a red code in the warning report for flights. Volcanic ash from volcanic eruptions is a serious threat in the world of aviation with the most dangerous ash particles are 6-10 μm and 37 μm in diameter. To enrich our understanding and modeling performances of the volcanic ash dispersion for the Sinabung eruption case, it is necessary to simulate the dispersion of volcanic ash in those particular sizes to see its distribution which can impact flight routes. The method used was the analysis of the direction and dispersion of the particular volcanic ash using Weather Research Forecast-Chemistry (WRF-Chem) and compared it with the volcanic ash warning information on flight routes issued by Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAAC)-Darwin. In general, WRF-Chem can simulate the distribution of volcanic ash from the eruption of Sinabung at the two-particle sizes at different heights, and found the difference in the distribution direction of the two groups of the particle sizes. Comparison results with warning information from VAAC-Darwin and previous study, WRF-Chem simulation shows a good concordance in the dispersion direction.
Highlights
Volcanic ash from volcanic eruptions as a threat to aviation safety has been extensively studied in various studies (Casadevall, 1994; Gordeev & Girina, 2014; Guffanti & Tupper, 2015; Miller, 1999; Prata & Rose, 2015; Song et al, 2014). Dunn (2012) stated that the particle size of volcanic ash with a diameter of 6-10 μm and 37 μm could endanger the safety of aviation
The size of the volcanic ash particles that may be collected in the aircraft's environmental control system (ECS) is about 6-10 μm, if these particles exist in high concentration it can damage the ECS ducts and change the air distribution in the system which impacts both the engine and passengers
The comparison between the wind speed and direction of the WRF-Chem simulations with upperair data (Table 4) at the same point, i.e. Kualanamu Airport, show that in general, the WRF-Chem model shows a good performance in simulating wind direction and speed in important layers except in 700 mb at 00 UTC and 600 mb at 12 UTC
Summary
Volcanic ash from volcanic eruptions as a threat to aviation safety has been extensively studied in various studies (Casadevall, 1994; Gordeev & Girina, 2014; Guffanti & Tupper, 2015; Miller, 1999; Prata & Rose, 2015; Song et al, 2014). Dunn (2012) stated that the particle size of volcanic ash with a diameter of 6-10 μm and 37 μm could endanger the safety of aviation. Dunn (2012) stated that the particle size of volcanic ash with a diameter of 6-10 μm and 37 μm could endanger the safety of aviation. The size of the volcanic ash particles that may be collected in the aircraft's environmental control system (ECS) is about 6-10 μm, if these particles exist in high concentration it can damage the ECS ducts and change the air distribution in the system which impacts both the engine and passengers. The particle size of volcanic ash that entered and could affect aircraft engine performance is around 37 μm. Volcanic ash particles that enter the engine will melt at a temperature of 800°C and will cause damage to the engine (Prata & Rose, 2015), the temperature of the aircraft engine, or the so-called turbine inlet temperature (TIT) ranges from 1,238 K or 1,010°C. The dispersion analysis of the two mentioned particle sizes deserves consideration for the data providers as consideration for decision making
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