SIMULATION OF THE SYSTEM OF MINERAL NUTRITION OF PLANTS IN CLOSED SOIL

Abstract

One of the important factors in the high productivity of growing vegetable crops by the method of small volume of this system of vegetable production is the accurate and timely supply of mineral nutrition to their root system. During hydroponic cultivation, all mineral substances of plants are obtained from their aqueous solutions. In closed soil, the water regime should be regulated taking into account the biological characteristics of the culture, the growth phase and the intensity of light. To successfully implement the plant nutrition process, it is necessary to formulate a mathematical model of the process and equivalent transfer functions. This will make it possible to choose a rational way of management and determine the parameters of management systems. The analysis of the latest researches in the field of automation of processes of nutrition of plants grown in closed soil shows that for each specific case, a scheme of automation of this process was proposed, which led to different results of the implementation of the process of nutrition. To generalize the principles of regulating the supply of nutrient solutions to plants in closed soil, it is necessary to develop real mathematical models of processes and equivalent transfer functions that will allow choosing a rational method of management. The specificity of the object of research determines the need to use the analytical method of obtaining dynamic models as the main one. The mathematical description of the dynamics of mass transfer during drip irrigation includes the value of the evaporative capacity of plants. This value significantly depends on the parameters of the microclimate in the building. To determine the influence of these parameters on the dynamics of liquid transpiration, a mathematical model was obtained in the form of differential equations of heat and material balances. The obtained mathematical models and the structural schemes built on their basis will serve as the basis for creating a system of mineral nutrition of plants in closed soil.