Abstract
BackgroundWhen an implant is inserted in the bone the healing process starts to osseointegrate the implant by creating new bone that interlocks with the implant. Biomechanical interlocking capacity is commonly evaluated in in vivo experiments. It would be beneficial to find a numerical method to evaluate the interlocking capacity of different surface structures with bone. In the present study, the theoretical interlocking capacity of three different surfaces after different healing times was evaluated by the means of explicit finite element analysis.MethodsThe surface topographies of the three surfaces were measured with interferometry and were used to construct a 3D bone-implant model. The implant was subjected to a displacement until failure of the bone-to-implant interface and the maximum force represents the interlocking capacity.ResultsThe simulated ratios (test/control) seem to agree with the in vivo ratios of Halldin et al. for longer healing times. However the absolute removal torque values are underestimated and do not reach the biomechanical performance found in the study by Halldin et al. which might be a result of unknown mechanical properties of the interface.ConclusionFinite element analysis is a promising method that might be used prior to an in vivo study to compare the load bearing capacity of the bone-to-implant interface of two surface topographies at longer healing times.
Highlights
When an implant is inserted in the bone the healing process starts to osseointegrate the implant by creating new bone that interlocks with the implant
The results of the 2D analysis indicate that these settings do not seem to significantly affect the reaction force compared to simulation results using lower parameters values (P1, P2 and P3) (Figure 6)
These settings were used in the 3D simulations which resulted in a computing time of 24 h for each simulation
Summary
When an implant is inserted in the bone the healing process starts to osseointegrate the implant by creating new bone that interlocks with the implant. The general result of in vivo experiments is that increased implant surface roughness (Sa value) of cylindrical implants results in Halldin et al BioMed Eng OnLine (2015) 14:45 increased interfacial shear strength [8] Whether this empirical correlation is an effect of enhanced mechanical strength of the bone caused by the biological response to the surface and/or enhanced interlocking capacity is unclear. An alternative way to determine the mechanical properties during healing was used in a study by Warzen et al [26] They measured the stiffness of the implant bone interface in vivo of mice hind legs after 0–6 days of healing and by reverse engineering, obtained values of Young’s modulus ranging from 3 to 17 MPa. The mechanical properties of the bone and the surface topography affect the bone implant interfacial shear strength [10]. The objective of the present study was to estimate the theoretical bone-to-implant interfacial shear strength for different surface topographies during healing by means of finite element analysis (FEA)
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