Abstract
The investigation region is found in the central part of Iraq within the of Karbala Governorate, where it is located in the western part of the Governorate and Lake Razaza in the north of the region, while in the western and southern part of the region is Anbar Governorate and geographically (43° 10′ 25.7″, 43° 39″ 0.3″) longitude and (32° 10′ 25.7″, 32° 36′ 25.7″) latitude. The area of study is about 2400 Km2. The groundwater modeling system (GMS) v10.3 program was used for the modeling of ground water in the area containing about 22 wells distributed throughout the study area and the discharge of these wells ranges from 7 to 100 l/s and the rate of discharge of these wells up to 36 l/s. The model was initially operated within a steady state and after obtaining a match between the models results with the initial values of groundwater levels, the results of this case were adopted as inputs to run the model within the unsteady state. The model was worked within the sight of the above wells for 3 years and the results of the operation indicate a decrease in groundwater levels ranging from 2 to 21 m distributed uniformly throughout the study area.
Highlights
The interaction between groundwater and surface water is a basic piece of the water cycle, and the management and utilization of one of these resources regularly impacts the availability of the other
Excessive groundwater use coupled with a lack of understanding of the underlying hydrogeological setting is a significant threat to sustaining groundwater resources in many regions (Ramesh and Fritz 2016)
Page 5 of 6 182 up to the field levels registered in the study area and the levels derived from the model to the highest level of conformance
Summary
The interaction between groundwater and surface water is a basic piece of the water cycle, and the management and utilization of one of these resources regularly impacts the availability of the other. Excessive groundwater use can cause the elevation of the water table to decline, and can influence surface water bodies associated with springs (Abbas et al 2018). Water use from surface water bodies in many parts of the world has been poorly managed due to a lack of resources. The consequent decline in surface water quality has been a significant driver for increased groundwater use which in turn is threatening groundwater availability (Al-Sudani 2018). Excessive groundwater use coupled with a lack of understanding of the underlying hydrogeological setting is a significant threat to sustaining groundwater resources in many regions (Ramesh and Fritz 2016)
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