Abstract
The Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector is one of the basic parts of the BM@N experiment included in the NICA project. The simulation model that takes into account features of signal generation process in an ionization GEM chamber is presented in this article. Proper parameters for the simulation were extracted from data retrieved with the help of Garfield++ (a toolkit for the detailed simulation of particle detectors). Due to this, we are able to generate clusters in layers of the micro-strip readout that correspond to clusters retrieved from a real physics experiment.
Highlights
The BM@N1 [1] is one of the first heavy-ion experiments of the NICA2 project [2, 3] at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna
Each triple-Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) has multi-layer structure: a drift gap, where multiple ionization processes happen, two transfer gaps, where drifted electrons passing through the GEM foils are multiplied by impact ionization in high electric inside foil holes, and an induction gap, where produced electron avalanches drift to the readout plane
The graph below shows the dependence of the standard deviation of electrons in the transverse drift direction on its traversed distance for all GEM gaps
Summary
The main distinctive feature of this experiment is an available facility to accelerate heavy ions to an energy between 2 and 6A GeV. Such energy range covers the region of the maximum baryon density. There are used triple-GEM chambers in the inner tracking detector for the BM@N experiment. Each triple-GEM has multi-layer structure (figure 2): a drift gap, where multiple ionization processes happen, two transfer gaps, where drifted electrons passing through the GEM foils are multiplied by impact ionization in high electric inside foil holes, and an induction gap, where produced electron avalanches drift to the readout plane. The signal registered by readout strips from one charged particle has a cluster structure. More detailed information about working principles and signal formation in GEM detectors are described in the works [5, 6]
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