Abstract
Numerical simulations of Nissan Qashqai HR16DE engine with increased compression ratio from 10,7:1 to 13,5:1 was carried out using AVL BOOST software. Modelled engine work cycles while engine works with biogas (BG) and hydrogen (H2) mixtures. For biogas used mixture of 35 % carbon dioxide (CO2) and 65 % methane (CH4). Three mixtures of biogas with added 5 %, 10 % and 15 % H2 was made. The simulation of engine work cycles was performed at fully opened throttle and changing engine crankshaft rotation speeds: ne1 = 1500, ne2 = 3000, ne3 = 4500, ne4 = 6000 rpm. Simulation results demonstrated what adding hydrogen to biogas increase in-cylinder temperature and nitrogen oxides (NOx) concentration because of higher mixtures lower heating values (LHV) and better combustion process. Other emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) decreased while adding hydrogen due to the fact that hydrogen is carbon-free fuel.
Highlights
Huge challenges for developed countries is to reduce usage of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
Engine working with biogas at 3000 rpm HC concentration in exhaust gasses was 522.48 ppm, added 5 % of hydrogen reduced hydrocarbons concentration by 9.51 %, 10 % of H2 reduced by 17.28 % and 15 % of H2 reduced by 24.78 % comparing at same engine speed with emission when engine working with biogas
Numerical simulations of Nissan Qashqai HR16DE engine with increased compression ratio and working with biogas/hydrogen mixtures analysis lead to conclusions: 1. Engine working with biogas (65 % CH4/ 35 % CO2) and supplied hydrogen has lower indicated pressure, because hydrogen have faster diffusion velocity, a lower ignition and a faster flame speed
Summary
Huge challenges for developed countries is to reduce usage of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The biggest constituent of greenhouse gas and largest contribution to global warming is carbon dioxide [1], [2]. After 2012 in Lithuania largest carbon dioxide equivalent source is transport sector Fig.. One way to reduce greenhouse gas emission and fossil fuel usage in this sector is to use small, high efficiency engines like 2018 FORD ECOBOOST 999 cm petrol engine with turbocharger which generates 100 HP and emits just 97 g/km of CO2 or VAG Group 999 cm TFSI engine with 97 HP and 97 g/km of CO2 [4]. The more efficient engine the less fuel they use and less greenhouse gas that have a harmful effect on the environment they produce.
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