Abstract
Ship grounding is one of the primary maritime navigation casualties and a result of an error made by the navigating officer, of a technical failure on vital ship equipment or of force majeure. In order to decrease the risk of grounding in such cases, this paper explores the ship movement during navigation when an extraordinary event occurs, such as steering system failure that affects the vessel’s direction directly and speed indirectly. One way to determine the ship movement in such circumstances is by simulating the ship movement on the navigational simulator according to the predefined scenarios, as explained in this paper. A total of 60 scenarios were researched, in the process of which ship type, ship size, ship speed and rudder deflection angle were varied. During the simulation, all relevant data concerning current movement of the ship and a graphical display of the performed simulation were recorded every 30 seconds. On the basis of the simulation results it is possible to determine the worst case scenario which can be used to define the consequence of grounding, one of the parameters necessary for the assessment of the risk of grounding.
Highlights
The term “risk” is used in everyday life and can be applied in many procedures and activities
In order to decrease the risk of grounding in such cases, this paper explores the ship movement during navigation when an extraordinary event occurs, such as steering system failure that affects the vessel’s direction directly and speed indirectly
The above mentioned results lead to the conclusion that a certain correlation is present between the difference between the minimum and the maximum initial speed, and the difference of the grounding speed with respect to the initial speeds
Summary
The term “risk” is used in everyday life and can be applied in many procedures and activities. According to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) [1], risk is the degree of probability that an undesired event will occur along with the extent of consequences of the event within a certain period of time, i.e. the combination of the frequency of the casualty and the severity of its consequences. Various methods are used for risk assessment, but they do not answer the questions whether the assessed risk is too great, should certain measures of risk reduction be taken, what is the effect of the measures implemented, etc This very fact imposed the need for determining the so-called acceptable risk that demands implementing the risk management principle. The obtained results enable selecting the worst case scenario, for which the severity of the consequence can be determined in the phase and risk magnitude can be estimated
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