Abstract
An urban storm and surface water pollution model (MIKE FLOOD) was used to assess the impact of rain gardens on water quantity and quality for an urban area in Xi’an. After the rain garden measures were added, the results show that: (1) In the case where the total proportion of rain gardens was 2%, the overflow reduction rate was 6.74% to 65.23%, the number of overflow points reduction rate was 1.79% to 65.63%, the overload pipes reduction rate was 0% to 11.15%, the runoff reduction rate was 1.93% to 9.69%; (2) Under different rainfall conditions, the load reduction rate of suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were 2.36% to 30.35%, 2.37% to 30.11%, 2.34% to 30.08%, and 2.32% to 31.35%, respectively; (3) The submersion ranges of different submerged depths and submerged durations were reduced by 0.30% to 64.18% and 7.12% to 100%, respectively. The statistics of the automatic modeling and intelligent analysis system (AMIAS) showed that the rain garden regulation range of the waterlogging risk area was 0.78% to 100%. The rain garden has a good control effect on urban storm runoff in terms of water volume and water quality, but as the rainfall recurrence interval increases, the control effect will decrease.
Highlights
With the acceleration of urbanization intensifying intrinsic risk, serious runoff pollution has become increasingly prominent, and the most direct impact has been the change in urban land-use types, which has resulted in the area of permeable subsurface becoming smaller and smaller and has changed the hydrological mechanisms of cities [1]
The objectives of this work are: (i) To establish a MIKE FLOOD model in the research area based on the existing pipe network system and measured data; (ii) To quantify the influence of rain gardens on urban rainfall runoff and pollutants through the results of the 1D
These results showed that the model established in the study area has improved reliability and stability and it can be used to simulate the effects of rain garden regulation measures
Summary
With the acceleration of urbanization intensifying intrinsic risk, serious runoff pollution has become increasingly prominent, and the most direct impact has been the change in urban land-use types, which has resulted in the area of permeable subsurface becoming smaller and smaller and has changed the hydrological mechanisms of cities [1]. With the characteristics of high elasticity, multi-functionality, source control, and natural effects, the main measures of the LID model include rain garden, bio-retention, green roof, and permeable pavement [4]. LID is based on the principle of simulating the natural hydrological conditions, adopting the concept of source control to realize rainwater control and utilization. It plays an important role in mitigating and governing the frequent occurrence of waterlogging and non-point source pollution caused by urban heavy rain. LID technology regulates runoff from the source, and can reduce runoff and reduce runoff pollution load compared with traditional rain flood control measures
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