Abstract
The primary objective of this study is to compare pedestrian evacuation strategies in the large-scale public space (LPS) using microscopic model. Data were collected by video recording from Tian-yi square for 36 hours in city of Ningbo, China. A pedestrian evacuation simulation model was developed based on the social force model (SFM). The simulation model parameters, such as reaction time, elasticity coefficient, sliding coefficient, et al, were calibrated using the real data extracted from the video. Five evacuation strategies, strategy 1 (S1) to strategy 5 (S5) involving distance, density and capacity factors were simulated and compared by indicators of evacuation time and channel utilization rate, as well as the evacuation efficiency. The simulation model parameters calibration results showed that a) the pedestrians walking speed is 1.0 ~ 1.5m/s; b) the pedestrians walking diameter is 0.3 ~ 0.4m; c) the frequency of pedestrian arrival and departure followed multi-normal distribution. The simulation results showed that, (a) in terms of total evacuation time, the performance of S4 and S5 which considering the capacity and density factors were best in all evacuation scenarios, the performance of S3 which only considering the density factor was the worst, relatively, and S1 and S2 which considering the distance factor were in the middle. (b) the utilization rate of channels under S5 strategy was better than other strategies, which performs best in the balance of evacuation. S3 strategy was the worst, and S1, S2 and S4 were in the middle. (c) in terms of the evacuation efficiency, when the number of evacuees is within 2, 500 peds, the S1 and S2 strategy which considering the distance factor have best evacuation efficiency than other strategies. And when the number of evacuees is above 2, 500 peds, the S4 and S5 strategy which considering the capacity factor are better than others.
Highlights
With the continuous expansion of the city scale and the rapid growth of the urban population, people’s social and economic activities and cultural exchange activities are becoming more frequent
The same tragedy continues with major events, for instance, in June 3, 2017, one person was killed and more than 1,500 others were injured when panic erupted during a screening of the UEFA Champions League Final in Turin, Italy [8]
Where fi is the priority of channel i, and the final evacuation route is chosen as max{fi, i = 1, 2, n}; ki refers to the pedestrian density of the area around channel i; w3 and w4 are the weight of the density and the distance in evacuation route choice respectively, and their values are adjusted and optimized automatically according to the maximum priority in the simulation process to eliminate the contrary problem of routes selection to common sense
Summary
With the continuous expansion of the city scale and the rapid growth of the urban population, people’s social and economic activities and cultural exchange activities are becoming more frequent. Simulation of pedestrian evacuation route choice using social force model in large-scale public space to its complexity. A well-known model to simulate pedestrian crowd or evacuation behavior is called the social force model, a typically physical-force based model, which was initially innovated by Dirk Helbing et al [1, 24, 25]. The distance interval from No. channel to No. channel are 100 m, 75 m, 80 m, 90 m, 150 m, 60 m, 50 m, and 30 m, respectively These data are applied to pedestrian evacuation simulation model. Simulation of pedestrian evacuation route choice using social force model in large-scale public space of pedestrians entering and leaving Tian-yi Square is counted every 5 minutes as a time interval.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
