Abstract
Numerical simulations of particulate fouling using highly resolved Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) are carried out for a turbulent flow through a smooth channel with a single spherical dimple or square cavity (dimple depth/cavity depth to dimple diameter/cavity side length ratio of \(t/D = 0.261\)) at \(\text {Re}_D = 42{,}000\). Therefore, a new multiphase method for the prediction of particulate fouling on structured heat transfer surfaces is introduced into OpenFOAM® and further described. The proposed method is based on a combination of the Lagrangian Particle Tracking (LPT) and Eulerian approaches. Suspended particles are simulated according to their natural behavior by means of LPT as solid particles, whereas the carrier phase is simulated using the Eulerian approach. The first numerical results obtained from LES approve the capabilities of the proposed method and reveal a superior fouling performance of the spherical dimple due to asymmetric vortex structures, compared to the square cavity.
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