Abstract
The ocean is the largest source of water vapor on the planet, while precipitation is the greatest in tropical oceans and coastal areas. As a strong convective weather, typhoons bring not only strong winds but also strong precipitations. The accurate prediction of rainfall and precipitation induced by typhoons is still difficult because of the nonlinear relationship between typhoon precipitation and physical processes such as typhoon dynamics, heat, cloud microphysics, and radiation. In order to fully describe the interaction between sea and air, we simulated rainfall distribution under the influence of a typhoon using a state-of-the-art, atmosphere–ocean-wave model considering a real typhoon over the South China Sea as a case study. The typhoon wind field, pressure field, and spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall were simulated on the basis of this coupled atmosphere–ocean-wave model. The spatial asymmetry distribution characteristics of typhoon wind field, pressure field, and rainfall were revealed by the simulation. The reasons for this asymmetric distribution were elaborated through a diagnostic analysis.
Highlights
Heavy precipitation is the result of interactions between large-scale circulation and small- and medium-scale meteorological systems [1,2,3,4]
In order to fully reflect the interaction between sea and air, this paper considered the atmosphere–wave-ocean coupled model of the South China Sea, using the model-coupling toolkits (MCT) to establish a state-of-the-art coupled atmosphere–ocean-wave model (COAWST modeling system [38,39])
Afterlow-level the typhoon in Zhanjiang, was a spatial the rainfall, Larg precipitations require a constant supply of water vapor, and tropical ocean air masses so that on the left side of the typhoon track, the rainfall was stronger than on the right side ofand the equatorial ocean air masses are the main sources of water vapor
Summary
Heavy precipitation is the result of interactions between large-scale circulation and small- and medium-scale meteorological systems [1,2,3,4]. The winds, heavy rains, and tides brought by typhoons can cause flash floods and even reservoir collapses, causing floods. China is one of the countries most affected by typhoons in the world, and disasters are often caused by extreme rainfall brought by typhoons. Extreme rainfall induced by typhoons can directly cause disasters such as flash floods and landslides and can even lead to flooding caused by collapse of large reservoirs. Most studies on heavy rain induced by typhoons have focused on diagnostic analysis and have analyzed the physical mechanisms affecting typhoon precipitation from the perspective of weather. The interaction between typhoon and mid-latitude circulation system and cold air intrusion after westerly trough plays an important role in convective development, while the interaction between convective cloud and tropical depression can lead to heavy rain [33]. We simulated the rainfall distribution under the influence of a typhoon by using a state-of-the-art atmosphere–ocean-wave model considering a real typhoon as a case study
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