Abstract
Numerical analyses of machine induced background at the LHC are needed to evaluate the complete running environment of an experiment. In order to have a comprehensive view of the machine background in an experiment all of its sources, ranging from collimators' cleaning inefficiency to distant and local beam-gas interactions need to be estimated; particles showering from the losses are then to be transported all the way to the experimental setup and the response of the detector evaluated. In this paper we describe a novel methodology implemented for the LHCb experiment to achieve this. Each step in the chain is simulated with software specific to the task and provides input to the subsequent step through a well-defined and clear interface. Further, we will discuss in detail the various steps in the chain together with the advantages such a modular method allows in evaluating operational conditions where scaling of the initial sources can be applied. We will also give some examples of the results obtained.
Highlights
A N accelerator environment always contains particles not originating from beam collisions at the interaction point (IP)
Tunnel constitute what we call the Machine Induced Background (MIB). The rate of this type of background is generally proportional to the machine beam current and depends on a given operating condition; depending on the luminosity of an experiment the MIB may contribute to its radiation environment, influence its trigger and physics measurements
The interaction points where the experiments are located are in the middle of long straight section (LSS) with the LHCb detector installed at IP8
Summary
A N accelerator environment always contains particles not originating from beam collisions at the interaction point (IP) These background particles can reach the detector and give rise to a certain level of background in the LHC experiments. In order to perform such measurements LHCb intends to operate at an average rate of a few proton-proton interactions per bunch crossing; once the experimental optimal instantaneous luminosity is reached, the pile-up from multiple collisions in single bunch crossings will be optimized by leveling the luminosity profile during the fill. This will result in an increase of the relative MIB to collisions ratio.
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