Abstract
AbstractA numerical model for granular flow is introduced in the light of the discharging of silos. To represent the dynamic and partly structure‐damaging processes during emptying, the granular material is treated as a fluid. Therefore, the Navier‐Stokes equations can be used to describe the flow. A discretisation scheme with space‐time finite elements is applied to both structure and fluid to allow a monolithic coupling of both continua [3]. Therefore, an investigation into the interaction between granular material and walls is possible.The main part of this paper is the presentation of a constitutive model for granular media, which combines the non‐Newtonian fluid properties with the solid behaviour at rest. Bagnold [1] formulates first experimentally based relations for granular flows. Besides a number of phenomenological models, constitutive relations exist, that are derived from kinetic theory [2]. The extension of these fluid properties to the constitutive models in soil mechanics allows the description of granular flows in transition. Selected results show the influence of compressibility and inner friction to discharging phenomena. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
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