Abstract
In public places, the high pedestrian density is one of the direct causes leading to crowding and trample disaster, so it is very necessary to investigate the collective and evacuation characteristics for pedestrian movement. In the occupants’ evacuation process, the people-people interaction and the people-environment interaction are sufficiently considered in this paper, which have been divided into the exit attraction, the repulsion force between people, the friction between people, the repulsion force between human and barrier, and the attraction of surrounding people. Through analyzing the existing models, a new occupant evacuation cellular automata (CA) model based on the social force model is presented, which overcomes the shortage of the high density crowd simulation and combines the advantages that CA has sample rules and faster calculating speed. The simulating result shows a great applicability for evacuation under the high density crowd condition, and the segregation phenomena have also been found in the bidirectional pedestrian flow. Besides these, setting isolated belt near the exit or entrance of underpass not only remarkably decreases the density and the risk of tramper disaster but also increases the evacuation efficiency, so it provides a new idea for infrastructure design about the exits and entrances.
Highlights
In recent years, the large public activities have become very common, especially the large public collection that leads to severe clogging and crowding, which brings high risk of happening trample incidents and may result in huge casualty and property losses
In [9], the attraction, the friction and the repulsion were added in their model, while the attraction produced by the motion directions of the ambient walkers was not considered, and the applicability for the high density crowding needs to be discussed since the walkers’ routes selecting is not determined by individual’s will but depends on the direction of pedestrian flows
We introduce a new cellular automata (CA) model for pedestrian evacuation and simulate the evacuation process of a plaza with one exit and a bidirectional channel, and we presume that a trample accident happens in the process when the density of crowd is in a high level
Summary
The large public activities have become very common, especially the large public collection that leads to severe clogging and crowding, which brings high risk of happening trample incidents and may result in huge casualty and property losses. In [9], the attraction, the friction and the repulsion were added in their model, while the attraction produced by the motion directions of the ambient walkers was not considered, and the applicability for the high density crowding needs to be discussed since the walkers’ routes selecting is not determined by individual’s will but depends on the direction of pedestrian flows. Kirchner and Schadschneider [11] present simulations of evacuation processes using a recently introduced cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics which applies a bionics approach to describe the interaction between the pedestrians using ideas from chemotaxis. We introduce a new CA model for pedestrian evacuation and simulate the evacuation process of a plaza with one exit and a bidirectional channel, and we presume that a trample accident happens in the process when the density of crowd is in a high level. After setting the isolated belt in the exit and the entrances of the channel, the causality in the accident sharply decreases
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