Abstract
Abstract Achieving sufficient water supplies for multiple uses in the watershed is a major public policy issue. Understanding the current ecohydrologic processes is essential to assess potential impacts on hydrologic regimes. The Tuul River (TR) watershed faces a cold, continental climate with water supply variability. This study aims to simulate watershed processes in the TR watershed and subbasins and analyze the influences of those processes on water resources. Watershed hydrologic processes and their impact on the water resources are modeled using the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Calibration and validation were conducted using R2, PBIAS, RSR, and NSE to assess the effectiveness of the SWAT model to replicate annual, monthly streamflow values. The spatial and temporal variations in watershed processes are critical for water resource decisions. With increasing uncertainty and scarcity in water resources, simulation modeling is a valuable tool in watershed management in regions with water scarcity.
Highlights
Maintaining reliable water supplies is a significant policy issue facing many countries
Water scarcity is a critical issue in semiarid, cold climate regions with increasing land use
This study contributes to the literature in simulating the dynamics to evaluate spatial and temporal patterns in the semiarid Tuul River (TR) watershed less studied
Summary
Maintaining reliable water supplies is a significant policy issue facing many countries. The uncertainty in the global climate aggravates these problems. Growing populations can accelerate the water demand, while cost-effective, supply-side options remain limited (Dharmaratna & Harris 2012). It is essential to have sufficient water for multiple uses in the watershed to have sustainable water resources. Water resources are complex systems influenced by many interacting factors like terrain, precipitation, humidity, air temperature, soil and vegetation type, land use, and land cover. Understanding the current ecohydrologic processes for a watershed is essential to assess future climate and its potential impacts on hydrologic regimes (Hongfu et al 2012)
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