Abstract
To ensure the safety of coastal nuclear power plants, accurately simulating water depth due to flooding resulting from heavy rainfall and tropical storms is important. In this paper, a combined model is developed to analyze and simulate the drainage capacity in a coastal nuclear power plant under the combined action of extreme rainfall and wave overtopping. The combined model consist of a surface two-dimensional flood-routing model, a pipe network model, and an offshore wave model. The method of predictive correction calculation is adopted to calculate the node return flow. The inundated water depth varying with time for different design rainstorm return periods (p = 0.1 and 1%) was simulated and analyzed by the combined model. The maximum inundated water depth is calculated for the important entrances of the workshop. The model was validated and calibrated with the data of the rainfall, outflow discharge, and flow velocity measured on 23 June 2016 in plant. Modeling indicates that the simulated depths are consistent with the observed depths. The results show that the water depths in the left and right of the nuclear power plant are 0.2–0.4 m and 0.3–0.8 m, respectively. The water depth increases of Monitoring Point 22 are the largest in different design rainstorm return periods (p = 0.1 and 1%), which increase by 16% for a rainstorm once every thousand years compared to events occurring once in one hundred years. The main factor influencing water accumulation is wave overtopping, and the seawall, revetments, and pipe system play an important role in decreasing the inundated water depth. Through scientific analysis, a certain decision-making basis has been provided for flood disaster management and a certain security guarantee has also been provided for regional sustainable development.
Highlights
Intense rainfall and tropical storms in coastal areas often generate flooding due to the limited capacity of drainage systems, especially for coastal nuclear power plants
The direct targets of flood disasters to human society include human beings and the production and living facilities on which humans depend, which affects the sustainable development of the society, economy, and ecology
We considered extreme rainfall and wave overtopping in the nuclear power plant as important input conditions for the model, including (1) the process of rainfall p with time t and (2) the progression of the wave overtopping rate QW with time t in typical seawall sections
Summary
Intense rainfall and tropical storms in coastal areas often generate flooding due to the limited capacity of drainage systems, especially for coastal nuclear power plants. Yazdi employed an SWMM–EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) simulation model and combination entropy theory to predict the time series of water quality parameters in selected pipes or channels of the network [18] These studies effectively simulated urban surface runoff and flow within a drainage pipe network. Karim et al used a calibrated numerical hydrodynamic model to simulate surge wave propagation through the rivers and overland flooding, and the study focused on the impacts of sea surface temperature (SST) rise and sea-level rise (SLR) in terms of intensified surge heights at the coast [27] These studies indicate the importance of model coupling in flood calculation. The combined model includes a surface 2D flood-routing model, an offshore wave model, and a hydrodynamic model of a drainage pipe network This model is used to simulate flooding inundation caused by wave overtopping and heavy rainfall at a coastal nuclear power plant. The maximum inundated water depth is calculated for different scenarios at important entrances to the workshop
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