Abstract
In this study a mathematical models were developed to simulate draft force for three types of plows (moldboard, chisel and disk plow). The study was carried out in the experimental field of Agricultural Machinery Department at University of Basrah, which had silty clay soil texture. Independent parameters included three levels of tillage depth (0.15, 0.20 and 0.25m), three forward speeds (0.54, 0.83 and 1.53 m/s) and two levels of cone index (550 and 980 kPa). Response Surface Method (RSM) was utilized to produce models and to analyze results. Acquired results were used to extract accurate model for draft force. The draft force increased by 114% when tillage depth increased from 15 to 25 cm. Increasing forward speed from 0.54 to 1.53 m/s led to increased draft force by 80%. The cone index had positive effect on draft force by 42% when increased cone index from 550 kPa to 980 kPa. The most influential factor in draft force is the tillage depth, followed by the forward speed and cone index. The highest draft requirements were recorded for moldboard plow, followed by chisel and disk plow. Models validation was acceptable ( R-Squared = 0.97) and the draft force could be predicted with reliability of about 95%.
Highlights
The tillage operation considered the greatest consumer energy from tractor.This energy depletes to overcome soil resistance force to cut and invert soil through tillage operations which is called draft force.Draft force is one of the most criteria to assess performance of primary tillage equipment in farm
The draft force increased by 114% when tillage depth increased from 15 to 25 cm
Al-Suhaibani et al (9) assessed the effects of tillage depth and forward speed on draft of moldboard, disk and chisel plows on sandy loam soil, the results demonstrated significant effects of forward speed and tillage depth on draft force for all the studied implements
Summary
The tillage operation considered the greatest consumer energy from tractor. This energy depletes to overcome soil resistance force to cut and invert soil through tillage operations which is called draft force. Draft force requirements vary with the implement size, soil type, speed and depth of operation. Et al (28) studied the effect of forward speed and tillage depth on draft force of chisel plow using adaptive neural fuzzy inference system. Compare their model with mathematical model suggested by American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) to select the best model. The variation of energy requirements and fuel consumption for primary ploughing related to parameters such as soil type and its conditions, depth and width of cut, tool shape and geometry, manner of tool movement, previous treatments and crops, ground cover, tillage system and operation speed (8 and 18). All experiments had three replications resulting in a total of 162 tests
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