Abstract
Side weirs are broadly used in irrigation channels, drainage systems and sewage disposal canals for controlling and adjusting the flow in main channels. In this study, a new artificial intelligence model entitled “self-adaptive extreme learning machine” (SAELM) is developed for simulating the discharge coefficient of side weirs located upon rectangular channels. Also, the Monte Carlo simulations are implemented for assessing the abilities of the numerical models. It should be noted that the k-fold cross-validation approach is used for validating the results obtained from the numerical models. Based on the parameters affecting the discharge coefficient, six artificial intelligence models are defined. The examination of the numerical models exhibits that such models simulate the discharge coefficient valued with acceptable accuracy. For instance, mean absolute error and root mean square error for the superior model are computed 0.022 and 0.027, respectively. The best SAELM model predicts the discharge coefficient values in terms of Froude number (Fd), ratio of the side weir height to the downstream depth (w/hd), ratio of the channel width at downstream to the downstream depth (bd/hd) and ratio of the side weir length to the downstream depth (L/hd). Based on the sensitivity analysis results, the Froude number of the side weir downstream is identified as the most influencing input parameter. Lastly, a matrix is presented to estimate the discharge coefficient of side weirs on convergent channels.
Highlights
Side orifices, side slide gates and side weirs are divert structures usually installed on the main channel wall for diverting and controlling the flow into the divert channel
In order to conduct the sensitivity analysis, six self-adaptive extreme learning machine” (SAELM) models are introduced by combining the input parameters
The SAELM 2 model is a function of the parameters length to the downstream depth (L/hd), w/hd, bd/hd and .θ In other words, the influence of the Froude number at the downstream of the side weir (Fd) is neglected for this model
Summary
Side slide gates and side weirs are divert structures usually installed on the main channel wall for diverting and controlling the flow into the divert channel. This type of hydraulic structures have many applications in environmental and engineering and irrigation practices and used in wastewater treatment plants, drainage lands, sedimentation tanks, aeration ponds, irrigation networks and flocculation units. Hussein et al (2010) experimentally studied the parameters affecting the passing discharge through circular sharp-crested side orifices They concluded a relationship as a function of the Froude number and the ratio of the orifice diameter to the main channel width for computing the discharge coefficient of this type of side orifices. They presented an equation for calculating the discharge coefficient of such side orifices as a function of the Froude number and the ratio of the width of the rectangular side orifice to the main channel width
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